Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter presents data on androgen receptor (AR) amplification and protein-expression levels in paired hormone-sensitive and hormone-refractory rumors for patients.. Thus, the chapter discusses how AR gene amplification and AR protein expression are measured in human prostate tumors. ARs are present in all epithelial cells of the prostate. Down-regulation of AR expression during prostate cancer progression and increased expression with the development of hormone refractory disease has both been reported. AR expression levels have been reported to predict patient response to hormone therapy and to correlate with tumor grade, stage, and progression-free survival. It has been postulated that AR protein expression is increased as a result of AR amplification by a gene-dosage effect resulting in the development of hormone refractory disease. AR amplification is associated with increased protein expression.
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