Abstract
This chapter focuses on foundation fieldbus (FF) and its operations. The concept behind FF is to preserve the desirable features of the present 4-20 mA standard while taking advantage of the new digital technologies. FF offers a number of features including reduced wiring due to the multidrop capability, flexibility of supplier choices due to interoperability, reduced control room equipment due to distribution of control functions to the device level, and increased data integrity and reliability because of the application of digital communications. FF consists of four layers. Three of them correspond to open systems interconnect (OSI) layers 1, 2, and 7. The fourth is the so-called “user layer” that sits on top of the layer 7 and is often said to represent OSI “layer 8,” although the OSI model does not include such a layer. The user layer provides a standardized interface between the application software and the actual field devices.
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