Abstract
Primary consolidation is the settlement due to water squeezing out. The squeezing out of water is caused by the dissipation of excess pore pressure. In reality, the primary consolidation never ends. For all practical purposes, 90% consolidation is taken as the end of the process. Secondary compression occurs due to rearrangement of soil particles, which is due to the load. Secondary compression has nothing to do with the pore water pressure. This chapter explains consolidation in clays, focusing on normally consolidated and over consolidated clays. It discusses total primary consolidation in clays and gives various design examples that explore consolidation settlement in clay in different cases. Finally, it explains how to compute the time taken for the consolidation process and also gives different design examples.
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