Abstract
Traditional gender roles assign the breadwinner role to the male partner and the homemaker role to the female partner. This chapter focuses on how modernization and several institutional factors impact on attitudes towards two dimensions of gender roles, namely, the traditional roles of women within the private sphere and gender equality on the labour market. It addresses two research questions. The first asks how European countries differ regarding attitudes towards gender roles. Although Kalmijn approached the same topic, the European Values Study (EVS) dataset collected in 2008 allows the investigation of attitudes towards gender roles in all European societies, and provides a better understanding of how these attitudes differ from one country to another. The second research question focuses on how modernization versus institutional factors shape attitudes regarding the traditional role of women in the private sphere and beliefs regarding equal access of both sexes to the labour market. Keywords: European societies; European Values Study (EVS) dataset; gender roles; institutional factors; labour market; modernization
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