Abstract

Therapies with monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 and its ligands are associated with remarkable outcomes in various cancers and, together with antibodies targeting CTLA-4, have revolutionized cancer treatment (Honey 2017). Some patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade may develop a primary or secondary resistance” to therapy (Sharma, Hu-Lieskovan et al. 2017). The hypothesis is that a polyclonal induced B-cell antibody response will be more effective or as effective with improved safety over current monoclonal antibody therapy.

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