Abstract

Background: Cancer progression requires mechanisms that support proliferation and metastatic capacity. Detached cells must resist anoikis and concurrently acquire metabolic flexibility to survive the limiting oxygen and nutrients during transit to secondary sites. MNRR1 (CHCHD2) is a biorganellar protein, which in the mitochondria can bind to Bcl-xL to enhance its pro-apoptotic function, or to respiratory chain complex IV (COXIV) to improve mitochondrial respiration. In the nucleus, it promotes the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and stress responses.

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