(131I)Meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and selective venous catheterization after thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

Fifteen patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT), who had persistently elevated levels of serum calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) after total thyroidectomy, were studied in order to localize the sites of the recurrent disease. Routine diagnostic examinations, including ultrasonography (US) and computed axial tomography (CAT), were carried out in all the cases. Scintigraphy with radio-iodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131I)-MIBG) was performed in 13 cases; selective venous catheterization (SVC) to reveal a gradient of CT levels was performed in 12 cases. Ten patients underwent both (131I)-MIBG scintigraphy and SVC. US and CAT revealed the sites of recurrent tumor in only 4 out of the total 15 patients. SVC in basal conditions showed the presence of small metastases in 2 cases, and after intravenous stimulus with pentagastrin in 4 others. The MIBG scan showed metastatic foci of sporadic MCT in 2 patients, residual medullary thyroid tissue in 4 others, and a pheochromocytoma in a previously undiagnosed patient with Sipple's syndrome. More particularly, MIBG scan and SVC showed the localization of residual or metastatic tumor in 10 cases. In all 10 cases, results of the MIBG scan and SVC were confirmed as true positive by subsequent surgery and histopathologic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)