Abstract
The majority of scuba diving injuries are diagnosed on the basis of the focused dive history and physical examination and are best differentiated into disorders of descent, disorders of depth, and disorders of ascent. Treatment with 100% oxygen is the initial therapy for all diving emergencies until the diagnoses can be determined. It has been demonstrated to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to decompression illness and can be helpful in patients with pneumothorax. Diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies are generally not useful for ruling in or out decompression illness and should not delay transfer for recompression therapy. Recompression treatment is recommended for patients with decompression sickness (DCS) and arterial gas embolism (AGE). The U.S. Navy Diving Manual and the Divers Alert Network (DAN) are valuable resources for the clinician presented with a diving emergency. DAN provides a 24-hour medical emergency hotline at 1-919-684-9111.
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