Abstract
A natural leaf constitutes different, well-defined nanometric systems that are precisely tuned to carry out a specific task and to interconnect with each other. In analogy, the term ‘artificial leaves’ is used to describe artificial photosynthetic devices assembled from interacting bio-based or bio-inspired components. We describe the design of natural photosynthesis and how its design principles have inspired artificial photosynthesis. Following, the integration of biological components in artificial devices and recent developments in the design of biomimetic light-harvesting and charge separation systems are discussed. Finally, an outlook is presented for the design of a fuel-producing solar cell.
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