13 THE ROLE OF HYPERTENSION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN COVID-19 AT RSUP HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN 2020

Abstract

Background and aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients. The incidence of AKI in COVID-19 ranges from 0.5% to 56.9% in various case series. AKI in COVID-19 is also associated with a higher risk of death. Some risk factors reported to confer a poor prognosis in COVID-19 such as increased age, male gender, patients with comorbidities such as hypertension or diabetes and higher BMI. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factor of AKI among COVID-19 patients. Material and methods: We conducted a cross sectional analysis from moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients that developed to AKI at RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan during 2020. The data was collected during July to September 2021. Results: Form 465 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, there were 64 people with inclusion and exclusion criteria suffered from AKI during the COVID-19 treatment period (13.8%). 71.9% of the patients were men, 70.3% had more than 1 comorbidities, and 60.9% had hypertension as comorbid. Among patients with comorbid hypertension, 12 patients had stage 1 AKI (30.8%), 2 patients had stage 2 AKI (5.1%), and 25 had stage 3 AKI (64.1%). Although bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between hypertension and AKI stadium (p 0.155), multivariate analyses showed that hypertension has an OR of 4.24 (p 0.049; CI 95% 1.01 — 17.9) which means that in patients with hypertension, the incidence rate for stage 3 AKI is 4.24 times greater and statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypertension is proven as a risk factor of AKI in COVID-19 patients.