Abstract
This chapter discusses the role thioredoxin (TRX) and redox regulation in oxidative stress response as well as signaling. Oxidative stress evokes various cellular events, including activation of transcription factors, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. The TRX system, composed of several related molecules, protects cells against oxidative stress. Redox regulation is deeply involved in the cell death mechanism as is p53 transcriptional function. Thus, in addition to a function of scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), TRX appears to be a regulator/modulator involved in cellular signaling against oxidative stress. Enhancement of the thioredoxin system is beneficial against oxidative stress-induced pathological conditions. Elucidation of oxidative stress signaling and response also provide a new therapeutic approach by the redox regulation of oxidative stress-mediating target molecules.
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