Abstract
Carbon-based nanoparticles, predominantly carbon nanotubes (CNT), fullerene, and graphene, are the best potential examples presenting effective antimicrobial nanoactivity against different plant pathogens. Many carbon nanomaterial-based enzymatic biosensors such as graphene, CNTs, nanofibers, and composites have been technologically developed. Carbon-based nanosensors can be applied in the monitoring environment, agriculture, diagnosing pathogens, detecting toxins, and many food applications. Carbon nanoparticles have distinctive features that successfully impact CNT application in plant growth and diagnostic techniques of plant pathogens. The distinctive electrochemical properties of carbon nanoparticles facilitate using CNTs as constituents in biosensors. Carbon-based nanomaterials can be applied successfully to control, diagnose, and decrease fungal aflatoxins. Further studies on carbon nanomaterials are needed to discover new roles and modes of action of different nanoparticles. Nanotoxicity research studies are required on carbon nanoparticles to discover the possibilities of harming the environment as well as animals and humans.
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