Abstract

Abstract Twelve-step treatment and mutual help organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA), are common elements in the treatment and recovery of adolescents with a substance use disorder. Adapting the 12 steps for youth is recommended; these adaptations can retain the core step concepts and yet provide a more amenable version for teenagers. There is a growing descriptive research base supporting the efficacy of 12-step programs. Whereas there are no random assignment studies of 12-step treatment when delivered in a residential setting, 12-step facilitation as an outpatient program has shown promise when studied with controlled conditions. AA/NA self-help groups are free community resources that are widely available in most parts of the country and have no restriction on length of participation. The longer and more intensive the participation, the more likely the person will remain in recovery. Participation by adolescents in self-help groups is more likely when the age composition of a meeting includes many young people.

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