1,2-Dibromo compounds: Their mutagenicity in Salmonella strains differing in glutathione content and their alkylating potential

Abstract

The mutagenic activities of several structurally related dibromo compounds were compared in Salmonella strains sensitive to base substitution mutagenesis (TA1535 and/or TA100) and in the glutathione (GSH)-deficient derivative TA100/NG-57, using a preincubation procedure. The compounds tested were 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE), 1,2-dibromopropane (DBF), 1,2-dibromo-1-phenylethane (DBPE) and model compounds for the half-mustards resulting from their conjugation with GSH, i.e. the N-acetyl- S-2-bromoalkyl- l-cysteine methyl esters SBE, SBP, and SBPE, respectively. The alkylating potential of all compounds was assayed with the 4-( p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) alkylation test. Five of the compounds showed a good correlation between relative mutagenic activity in TA100 and electrophilic reactivity in the NBP-test, the order of decreasing potency being SBE > SBP >DBE > DBPE > DBP SBPE displayed the highest reactivity in the NBP-test, but was devoid of mutagenic activity. The mutagenic activity of DBE was substantially decreased in the GSH-deficient strain TA100/NG-57 and could be restored by pretreating the cells with GSH. None of the other chemicals showed different mutagenic activities in TA100 and TA100/NG-57. From the results it can be concluded that 2-bromothioethers possess higher alkylating activities than the 1,2-dibromo compounds. Methyl substitution has a deactivating effect on the mutagenic activity. The results with the phenyl-substituted analogue, DBPE, show that a higher alkylating activity does not always lead to a higher mutagenic activity.