128 Beyond the ride: the use of psychological skills training in equestrian athletes

Abstract

Psychological skills training (PST) is a proven coaching method used with athletes in a multitude of sports. This study investigated the use of PST with equestrian athletes. We hypothesized that coaches were not broadly using PST but were using related skills in their coaching techniques. An online survey was administered to equestrian coaches during a 2-mo period in Spring 2020. The survey was designed to collect coaching demographics, and determine whether coaches used specific skills, frequency of use, perceptions of performance improvement, education relative to PST, and limitations of PST use. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, correlations and a mixed model ANOVA (SAS, 9.2). One hundred and 80 6 respondents completed the survey. Contrary to our hypothesis, 91% of equestrian coaches surveyed were using PST with their riders. Confidence building compared with goal setting skills were not different but were used more frequently than other skills (P = 0.017), followed by imagery, self-talk, and task relevant routine (all similar, P > 0.16), and relaxation was the least used (P = 0.017). The type of skills used differed by situation: practice, pre-competition, during competition, post competition. Confidence building was used more in practice than during competition (P < 0.001) but use did not differ during pre- or post-competition (P > 0.32). Goal setting and imagery were most used in practice and pre-competition, compared with during competition and post competition (P < 0.035). Use of relaxation did not differ during practice, pre-competition, or during competition (P > 0.39). Use of confidence building, self-talk, relaxation, task relevant routine and goal setting, was correlated to PST-attributable performance improvement in increasing self-confidence and lessening anxiety (R = 0.41; P < 0.033). When asked which PST skills promoted a positive attitude, positive correlations were found between self-talk, relaxation, and task relevant routine (R = 0.32; P < 0.006). Compared with coaches in an individual or combination setting, coaches involved in a team setting were more likely to use PST with their riders (P < 0.05). No differences were found attributable to the age and level of riders. Lack of training was identified as the largest limiting factor (31%) of PST implementation, with 68% of coaches interested in more PST education and training. These results suggest equestrian coaches actively seek methods for rider improvement beyond the saddle. Further research should explore the best PST methods to use with equestrian athletes.