Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression is affected by the level of circulating glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) , a main manifestation of islet autoimmunity. The gut microbiome and serum metabolites may contribute to islet autoimmunity in patients with T1D. Methods: We used radiobinding assay to measure GADA titers and identify the GADA+ ones (n=49) in 1T1D patients. The gut microbiome was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the serum metabolites were analysed with GC/MS. Results: T1D patients with and without GADA exhibited compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiome. Profiles in patients with GADA were distinct, with a significant increase in the abundances of Alistipes, Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Dialister, and marked depletion of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia. For the untargeted serum metabolites, compared with those of GADA-, there were 54 significantly different metabolites with tryptophan metabolism: phenylalanine, and tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis decreased in patients with GADA. In addition, patients with GADA had elevated concentrations of Indole-3-acetic-acid, a marker of intestinal inflammation and epithelial damage. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that gut microbiome disturbances affected tryptophan metabolism, suggesting that disturbed gut microbiome may mediate T1D immunotypes. Tryptophan metabolism may mediate inflammation in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of T1D. Conclusion: These findings suggest that metabolites produced by the patients with GADA gut microbiota could cause damage to intestinal and systemic homeostasis and could be targeted for preventing the development of T1D. Disclosure T.Yue: None. X.Zheng: None. Z.Liu: None. Y.Ding: None. J.W.Wei: None. W.Xu: None. J.Weng: None. S.Luo: None. Funding the National Key r&D Program (2017YFC1309600) the Anhui Provincial Natural science foundation (006212943003)
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