126 - Pulmonary Complications of Abdominal Diseases

Abstract

Pulmonary complications of various abdominal diseases are well recognized and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Their diagnosis and management can often be challenging. Extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease include asthma and chronic cough. Inflammatory bowel diseases have been associated with airway diseases such as asthma and bronchiectasis, as well as interstitial lung disease. Pulmonary complications of inflammatory bowel disease treatment, including drug-induced lung disease and risk for opportunistic infections, are also important to recognize. Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are distinct pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease. Hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by intrapulmonary vasodilation and abnormal gas exchange and typically resolves following liver transplantation. Portopulmonary hypertension, in contrast, is a form of pulmonary arterial hypertension, is treated with targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, and has variable outcomes with liver transplantation. The most feared complication of acute pancreatitis is the acute respiratory distress syndrome, which contributes substantially to excess mortality. Finally, patients with chronic kidney disease are at risk for multiple pulmonary complications, including pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, pulmonary hypertension, and sleep disorders. In some instances pulmonary manifestations of abdominal diseases will respond to treatment of the underlying abdominal disease process; however, this is not universal.