Abstract
Patterns of communication: Reinitzer's discovery of liquid crystals in 1888 was followed by 30 years of scholarly dispute. One hundred years later, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to this scientific revolution. The commercial success of liquid crystals was achieved in display applications. Today more than 4 billion people use them in mobile communication devices. Painting: Detail from Raphael's School of Athens fresco.
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