Abstract
Human infection with Anisakidae nematodes (commonly Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffi, and Pseudoterranova decipiens) occurs after consumption of raw or undercooked marine fish or squid. Most cases occur in Japan, Korea, coastal regions of Europe (especially Spain and Italy), and in the United States. There are four clinical forms of infection: gastric, intestinal, ectopic, and allergic. Gastric infection is diagnosed based on a compatible dietary history, epigastric pain, and endoscopic visualization (and removal) of the larva. Intestinal and/or ectopic cases may require surgical removal. Allergic anisakidosis is a cause of allergy in areas with heavy fish consumption or occupational exposure. Pseudoterranova infection typically presents with a wriggling sensation in the throat. Serologic testing for anti–A. simplex IgE can help in diagnosing intestinal, ectopic, and allergic disease. Preventive measures include adequately freezing or cooking fish.
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