123I]Epidepride binding to cerebellar dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors is displaceable: Implications for the use of cerebellum as a reference region

Abstract

The low density of cerebellar dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors provides the basis for using the cerebellum as a representation of free- and non-specifically bound radioligand in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies. With the development of ultra high-affinity dopamine D 2/D 3 ligands like [ 123I]epidepride, [ 18F]fallypride, and [ 11C]FLB-457, quantification of extrastriatal low density receptor populations including the cerebellum is possible with important implications for calculation of binding parameters. [ 123I]epidepride-SPECT was performed in 23 patients with schizophrenia before and after 3 months of antipsychotic treatment with either risperidone ( n = 14) or zuclopenthixol ( n = 9). In the unblocked situation and partially blocked situation, the average distribution volumes were 5.2 ± 1.3 mL/mL and 4.0 ± 0.8 mL/mL, respectively. The paired distribution volumes were reduced by 22 ± 15% (mean ± SD) after antipsychotic treatment ( p < 0.0001, paired Student’s t-test). From the paired distribution volumes in cerebellum and extrastriatal regions, the average distribution volume representing free and non-specifically bound [ 123I]epidepride was calculated to be 3.3 ± 0.8 mL/mL. Both the % [ 123I]epidepride fraction of plasma radioactivity ( p > 0.76) and the plasma [ 123I]epidepride concentration ( p > 0.45) were unchanged after antipsychotic treatment (paired Student’s t-test). These results strongly suggest the presence of “non-negligible” specific [ 123I]epidepride binding to dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors in the cerebellum. Using the cerebellum as a representation of free and non-specifically bound radioligand and neglecting the specifically bound component may lead to results that erroneously imply that antipsychotic drugs bind to extrastriatal dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors with a higher affinity than to striatal dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors.