Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune modulation. Specifically, the presence and function of certain gut microbial taxa has been associated with better anti-tumor immune responses. In clinical trials using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to treat immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) refractory metastatic melanoma patients, complete responses (CR), partial responses (PR) and durable stable disease (SD) have been observed, with prolonged overall survival. However, the underlying mechanism determining which patients will or will not respond and what the optimal FMT composition is, is not fully elucidated.
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