Abstract

The surgical staging procedure of the axilla in patients who convert from clinically positive (cN+) to clinically negative node status (ycN0) through neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still controversial. Different techniques such as Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND), Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD), Target Lymph Node Biopsy (TLNB) and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) are recommended by the national and international guidelines. In case of TAD and TLNB, the target lymph node can be marked using such markers as clip/coil, carbon ink, magnetic or radioactive seed, or a radar or radiofrequency marker.

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