1.食品清潔劑中烷基酚類化合物之含量調查與殘留分析2.利用固相微萃取與衍生技術檢測水中之烷基酚類化合物

Abstract

Part 1 Household food detergents are widely used for dish washing and fruit cleaning in modern daily life. As for the ingredients of synthetic food detergents, the non-ionic surfactants are mostly composed of alkylphenols. Due to the ability to mimic hormones, it has been noticed that the exposures of alkyllphenols might cause a variety of adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the concentrations of alkylphenols in food detergents and also to perform the residual analysis after their use. Alkylphenols including 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), technical nonylphenol isomers (t-NPS), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) were target compounds of this research because of the possible health risks they might cause. The samples of the detergents were analyzed by GC/MS after dilution. The Taguchi experimental design was utilized to study the main factors that might affect the residual characteristics after the using of detergents. The results showed that the concentrations of alkyllphenols in food detergents, including 4-NP, t-NPs and 4-t-OP, ranged from 1.71E-06 to 2.13E-04% (APs g/detergent g) in 75 samples. Among the alkylphenols investigated, both the detectable rate (66.67%) and the concentration (0.000213%) were the highest for t-NPs. The results also showed that cleaning temperature will affect the residual of 4-t-OP while sampling temperature will affect the left of t-NPs on dishware. On the other hand, the varieties of fruits, the concentrations of detergents, and the concentrations of alkylphenols were also found to have significant effects for the residuals of t-NPs on food. As for the assessment of human exposures, the research combined the results of residual analysis and other relative data to evaluate the average daily intakes dose from food ingestion. However, exposures from other sources are needed to assess the whole exposures of alkylphenols for the general population in Taiwan. Part 2 Alkylphenols (APs) was man–made chemicals which are used as the major components of non-ionic surfactants and are important to a number of industrial processes. Due to the property to mimic hormones, it has been noticed that the APs can cause a variety of adverse effects in ecology. Many researches have reported on the wide occurrence of APs in the environment matrices. The notice of the presence of APs in the environment has led to an increased interest in the trace analysis of these compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to develop a method for the simultaneous analysis of APs (4-tert-octylphenol; 4-t-OP, technical nonylphenol isomers; t-NPs and 4-nonylphenol; 4-NP) in water which will be simple, fast and reliable. A two-step sample preparation procedure, including headspace extraction of APs in water first followed by the on-fiber derivatization with N-tert-Butyl- dimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) with 1% tert-Butyl- dimethylchlorosilane (TBDMCS), was established. The 85μm polyacrylate (PA) fiber was selected and headspace extraction of APs in water for 30 minutes at 65℃ was first performed followed by the on-fiber derivatization with MTBSTFA for 10 minutes at 45℃. The analytical method was linear over the ranges of 0.005–1.04, 0.005–1.00, and 0.005–0.43μg/L for 4-t-OP, t-NPs and 4-NP, respectively while the method detection limits (MDLs) were in the range of 1.58–3.85 ng/L. Compared with other technique, the proposed method provided a simple, fast and reliable method for the analysis of APs in water.