Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction is one of the most powerful strategies for constructing carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. During the last decades, manifold transition metal catalysts especially based on precious metals such as palladium, nickel, and cobalt. Herein we report that iron can be used as a cheap, nontoxic and environmentally friendly metal. The combination of iron trichloride with Xantphos is a very active system for coupling reaction of alkyl thiols with a variety of aryl thiols for the first time. Sonogashira reaction is probably the most popular strategies for the syntheses of functionalized alkynes from aryl halides and terminal alkynes. The vast majority of the existing protocols involve the use of palladium catalyst. Recent years, copper-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction has gained much attention due to the lower cost of copper salts. However, among the known procedures, 5-10 mol% or higher copper salts are generally required along with high loading of ligands. The second part of this thesis, we describe the combination of Cu2O (1.0 mol%) with Xantphos (1.0 mol%) is a powerful system for this transformation. A broad spectrum of functional groups can be tolerated during the catalysis.
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