Abstract
This chapter discusses the methods to convert electrical energy to heat. Electric furnaces are used for the conversion and there are four types of electrical furnace: (1) resistance furnaces; (2) arc furnaces; (3) induction furnaces; and (4) capacitance furnaces. Out of these four types, resistance, arc, and induction furnaces are important in metallurgical processes. In resistance heating, a current is passed through a conductor or resistor. This type of heating in all forms is common in laboratories where it is convenient, readily controlled, and clean. The main advantage is mainly in control, in uniformity of heating, and in freedom from combustion gas atmosphere. The electric arc heating is a special form of resistance heating in which the resistor is the plasma or ionized atmosphere created in the space between two electrodes. The main use of this heating process is in the manufacturing of special steels, but it is also used in several smelting processes and for the preparation of sound ingots. The induction heating is also a form of resistance heating, whose principle is of a transformer.
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