Abstract
Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is an increasingly common arthrodesis strategy. The technique allows for robust fusion while avoiding many of the complications associated with more traditional anterior and posterior approaches. This chapter reviews key anatomic considerations of LLIF, including important landmarks, deep and superficial musculature, and the lumbosacral plexus. A detailed description of patient positioning, preoperative planning, operative procedure, and closure is offered. Common complications as well as respective management strategies of the technique are considered, including neuromuscular injuries and lumbar plexopathies, vascular injuries, and graft subsidence. Preliminary outcome data are reviewed, paying particular attention to clinical and radiographic outcomes of LLIF. Finally, the chapter reviews advances in the field moving forward. In particular, means of improving correction in the sagittal plane using LLIF are discussed.
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