12-month mortality and hospitalizations in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) carries a high risk of mortality and hospitalization, especially in patients with comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Little is known about the prognosis of hypertensivediabetic HFpEF in Vietnam. Objective: To examine the 12-month mortality, hospitalization, and combined outcome of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization in hypertensivediabetic HFpEF patients. Methods and Materials: A 12-month prospective cohort study conducted in University Medical Center, HCMC and Nhan Dan Gia Dinh hospital. Recruiting period started in January 2021 and ended in April 2022. Results: 233 patients were recruited. During 12-month, 6.9% died (n=16), in which 50% were due to cardiovascular cause. Hospital admission was reported in 62.2% of patients (n=145). 23.5% (n =55) were hospitalized at least 3 times. During the first hospitalization, 57.3% were due to cardiovascular reasons, most often heart failure (24.2%) and acute myocardial infarction (9%). Among non-cardiovascular admissions (42.7%), infection was the leading cause (22.1%). Combined outcome was observed in 24.9% (n=58). Conclusions: Hypertensivediabetic HFpEF patients experienced high rates of adverse events during a 12-month period, which were not restricted to cardiovascular causes, but also triggered by non-cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive management should be taken into consideration to reduce both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events.