Abstract
This chapter discusses out-of-plane bending deformations in the shaping of composite reinforcements, because taking them into account would give more accurate simulations of forming, especially for stiff and thick textiles. Bending behaviour is specific because the reinforcements are structural parts and out-of-plane properties cannot be directly deduced from in-plane properties, as is the case for continuous material. On the other hand, the standard tests used for clothing textiles are not suitable for stiff reinforcements with non-linear behaviour. Therefore, a new flexometer using optical measurements has been developed for testing such reinforcements. Direct identification and inverse identification were applied to characterise carbon fabrics, and the results are discussed.
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