Abstract
This chapter discusses the agnosias, which are complex syndromes of loss of recognition of perceived stimuli. Most agnosias are specific to a sensory modality, i.e. visual, auditory, and tactile agnosia. Within each sensory modality, there is a spectrum of deficits from complete loss of the sensation, such as cortical blindness and deafness, to partial deficits. Apperceptive agnosia involves loss of recognition an object, despite some ability to perceive the individual shapes or sounds, but not the entire item, and associative agnosia, in which all of the elements of a stimulus are perceived, but the patient cannot recognize the specific object or sound. Both apperceptive and associative agnosia occur in the visual, auditory, and tactile modality. One type of visual agnosia, prosopagnosia, involves the specific inability to recognize faces. The agnosias are a complex topic, but the phenomena of agnosia elucidate the behavior of neurological patients.
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