Abstract
Sleep is an active physiologic process essential to health and well-being. Sleep disruption, resulting from insufficient sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, mistimed sleep, or nonrestorative sleep, has pervasive health ramifications. The severity and chronicity of sleep disruption impact the clinical manifestations of these consequences. Even 1 or 2 days of sleep disruption can result in adverse health consequences, including impairment of neurocognitive function, exacerbation of mood disorders, increase in pain perception, elevation of blood pressure, reduction of immune response to infections, and glucose intolerance. Chronic sleep disruption may increase susceptibility to chronic medical conditions such as dementia, mood disorders, chronic pain disorders, cardiovascular disease, recurrent infections, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Interventions aimed at improving healthy sleep and minimizing sleep disruption are vital for health maintenance.
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