1176 SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE PROSTATIC INFLAMMATION IN MEN WITH A NEGATIVE PROSTATE BIOPSY: RESULTS FROM THE REDUCE STUDY

Abstract

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation of the Genitourinary Tract: Prostate & Genitalia1 Apr 20131176 SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE PROSTATIC INFLAMMATION IN MEN WITH A NEGATIVE PROSTATE BIOPSY: RESULTS FROM THE REDUCE STUDY Daniel Moreira, J. Curtis Nickel, Leah Gerber, Roberto Muller, Gerald Andriole, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, and Stephen Freedland Daniel MoreiraDaniel Moreira Manhasset, NY More articles by this author , J. Curtis NickelJ. Curtis Nickel Ontario, Canada More articles by this author , Leah GerberLeah Gerber Durham, NC More articles by this author , Roberto MullerRoberto Muller Durham, NC More articles by this author , Gerald AndrioleGerald Andriole Saint Louis, MO More articles by this author , Ramiro Castro-SantamariaRamiro Castro-Santamaria King of Prussia, PA More articles by this author , and Stephen FreedlandStephen Freedland Durham, NC More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.813AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoking promotes systemic inflammation by increasing the levels of pro-inflammatory markers; however, its direct inflammatory effect on several organs is unknown. The prevalence of acute inflammation in prostate biopsies is estimated to be nearly 40%. The factors associated with inflammatory changes in the prostate of men undergoing biopsy are largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the association of smoking status and acute inflammation in the prostate of men undergoing prostate biopsy. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 8098 negative baseline biopsy results of 50-75 years-old men with PSA levels between 2.5 and 10ng/mL enrolled in the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) study. Smoking status was self-defined as never, former and current smoker. Acute prostate inflammation was assessed by systematic central review blinded to smoking status as present or absent and graded as mild, moderate or marked, though due to low numbers of moderate and marked, inflammation was examined as a binary variable of present/absent. The association of smoking status with inflammation was evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions controlling for age, race, body-mass index (BMI), digital rectal exam (DRE), prostate volume and baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA). RESULTS A total of 1220 (15%), 3171 (39%) and 3707 (46%) men were current, former and never smoker, respectively. Current smokers were significantly younger than former and never smokers (P<0.001) but had similar race, DRE, prostate volume, and pre-biopsy PSA (all P>0.01). Former smokers had significantly higher BMI than current and never smokers (P<0.001). Acute prostate inflammation was identified in 1246 (15%) biopsies and graded as mild, moderate and marked in 1220 (98%), 24 (2%) and 2 (<1%), respectively. In univariable analysis, current smokers were more likely to have acute inflammation than former (OR=1.34; P=0.001) and never smokers (OR=1.36; P<0.001). The results were virtually unchanged in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of men undergoing prostate biopsy all with negative biopsies, current smoking status was independently associated with acute inflammatory changes in the prostate. Further studies remain needed to understand the biological mechanisms linking smoking and prostate inflammation. © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e480 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Daniel Moreira Manhasset, NY More articles by this author J. Curtis Nickel Ontario, Canada More articles by this author Leah Gerber Durham, NC More articles by this author Roberto Muller Durham, NC More articles by this author Gerald Andriole Saint Louis, MO More articles by this author Ramiro Castro-Santamaria King of Prussia, PA More articles by this author Stephen Freedland Durham, NC More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...