Abstract
The family Caliciviridae comprises four genera: Vesivirus, Lagovirus, Norovirus, and Sapovirus. Vesiviruses include vesicular exanthema of swine virus and feline calicivirus, lagoviruses include rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and European brown hare syndrome virus, while Norwalk and Sapporo viruses are the prototype members of the other two genera. Vesicular exanthema is a foot and mouth disease like disease of pigs last diagnosed in the United States in 1952. Feline calicivirus is a very common, worldwide cause of acute upper respiratory tract disease in cats. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a highly transmissible, highly fatal, generalized hemorrhagic disease of rabbits. Noroviruses and sapoviruses are important, common causes of human gastroenteritis. The family name derives from the cup-shaped (calix = cup) surface depressions that give the virion its unique appearance. By cryoelectron microscopy virions are 40.5 nm in diameter with 32 cup-shaped surface structures comprising 90 arch-like capsomers. The individual capsomers are dimers of the ∼60 kDa capsid protein. The RNA genomes consist of a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA molecule of 7.3–8.6 kb. Viruses of each genus have a characteristic open reading frame arrangement but different arrangements are found between the genera. Only vesiviruses have been cultured in conventional cell cultures.
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