Abstract
PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction leads to immune evasion of various tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Although immune check point inhibitor has yielded clinical benefits in several types of solid tumor, the efficacy was modest for pancreatic cancer. PD-L1 expressing exosomes can diminish immune responses against tumor, however, the roles of PD-L1 containing exosomes in pancreatic cancer are poorly understood.
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