114 Hay buying and feeding practices among Pennsylvania horse owners

Abstract

Existing data on the equine hay market and buying preferences in Pennsylvania (PA) is outdated and not statewide. More recent data is needed to inform those who advise horse owners on hay and nutrition. The objective of this project was to characterize the practices and attitudes of PA horse hay buyers. An online survey was advertised via e-mail lists, social media, and print advertisements. It received 435 total responses (of these, 346 were complete responses) from PA horse hay buyers from October 2021 to February 2022. Data presented (descriptive statistics) represents the percentage of respondents answering that question. Most (76%) respondents were in the recreational sector of the horse industry and the majority (62%) purchased hay for 2–5 horses. Small square bales (2-string) were the most commonly purchased (93%), and most respondents bought their hay exclusively by the bale (75%) rather than exclusively by the ton (4%) or either (21%). For those who did not purchase large bales (round or square), the most common reason was not being able to transport or handle them (70%), followed by not having adequate storage (60%). Horse owners were most likely to buy hay directly from local farmers (90%) than any other source. They were more likely to exclusively pick up their hay than to require delivery, while some would consider either (40, 33, and 26%, respectively). The 3 most popular hay species were mixed grasses (64%),orchardgrass (38%), and timothy (35%). Buyers slightly preferred second or later cuttings to first cutting or did not care about cutting (53, 43, and 30%, respectively). Most (47%) believed that second or later cuttings were higher quality than first cutting, but 38% believed that all cuttings can be high-quality. The top 3 most important factors when purchasing hay were absence of mold, absence of weeds, and smell (rated “very important” by 98, 53, and 52% of respondents, respectively). Most respondents did not use hay feeders in stalls or outside (38 and 50%, respectively). Those who did use hay feeders used them primarily to reduce hay waste (56%). Most hay buyers (63%) never have their hay analyzed for nutrient content, but those that are interested in testing hay report wanting to balance the horse's diet around the forage quality and to check certain nutrients for specific health concerns (37 and 34%, respectively). To get answers to hay-related questions, most respondents ask hay producers or veterinarians (25 and 22%, respectively). The data collected from this survey can help hay producers understand buying practices of horse owners and help equine nutritionists identify areas of need for horse owner education about hay.