Abstract
Cumulative oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are critical during skin aging. One pathway that regulates both processes involves Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase. Reversible methylation of the C-terminal leucine of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) plays a crucial role in regulating PP2A function. Oxidative stress has been previously shown to dramatically decrease methylation of the C-terminal leucine of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) in dermal fibroblasts. Previously, we developed a novel, proprietary grape seed extract called Activated-Grape Seed Extract, or ACTIVITIS™ (INCI name: anthocyanins and hydrolyzed proanthocyanidins) which is enriched for PP2A-activating flavonoids with increased potency in preventing PP2A demethylation when compared to commercial Grape Seed Extract. To enhance skin delivery and other potential benefits of ACTIVITIS™, we developed a chemical encapsulation formulation utilizing a liposome-based approach. Results demonstrate that this novel encapsulated form of ACTIVITIS™ retains PP2A demethylating activity with similar potency as the non-encapsulated form. To explore the potential benefits of encapsulated ACTIVITIS™, we performed in vitro assays utilizing 3D epidermal skin tissue models and UVB irradiation. We found encapsulated ACTIVITIS™ significantly increases both cell proliferation (Ki67) and skin barrier (Filaggrin) marker expression after UVB irradiation. Moreover, encapsulated ACTIVITIS™ formulation decreases DNA damage marker Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), thus enhancing epidermal integrity and barrier repair after UVB-induced effects. Lastly, clinical results in human subjects demonstrates that encapsulated ACTIVITIS™ is well tolerated and provides anti-aging benefits such as improving fine lines and wrinkles when applied topically.
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