Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can progress to invasive breast cancer, but not all lesions will do so. It is not yet possible to accurately determine at diagnosis which lesions will progress if left untreated. Therefore, all women diagnosed with DCIS undergo surgery with/without radiotherapy. To reduce overtreatment of low-risk DCIS patients, the safety of active surveillance via yearly mammographic screening as an alternative to the standard treatments for low-risk DCIS is being investigated. In the LORD patient preference trial, patients are given a choice between surgery with/without radiotherapy and active surveillance.
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