Abstract
Steam oxidation is important to the successful long-term operation of steam boilers and turbines. The detrimental consequences of oxide scale formation are section loss, reduced heat transfer, and the possibility of oxide spallation. Subjects important to the understanding of steam oxidation are presented, including a description of the environment found in steam boilers and turbines, oxidation thermodynamics, oxidation kinetics, scale morphologies, and scale spallation. In most cases the discussion is focused on existing power plants, but due to interest in advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power production, additional information will also be given for these systems. Related topics will be introduced on steam oxidation management, spallation models, and future trends.
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