Abstract
This chapter discusses the theory and data on sperm competition in fishes. It also compares the data with predictions from sperm competition theory, and discusses the evolutionary consequences of sperm competition in this diverse group of vertebrates. However, the sperm competition occurs when sperm from different males compete for fertilization. The degree of sperm competition ranges widely in fishes, both interspecifically and intraspecifically, from males that never experience sperm competition, to males that are in frequent competition with several other males. Fertilization can occur in the environment by either the release of gametes into the water column or the deposition of eggs on the substrate. In internal fertilizers, sperm are introduced into the female's body with subsequent events ranging from internal development and viviparity to cases where fertilization and development are delayed until the eggs are released. Therefore, external fertilization provides an opportunity that is exploited by several males simultaneously, resulting in high levels of sperm competition. Thus, in addition to its effect on intrasexual competition, some forms of external fertilization also limit the extent to which females can choose among potential mates. Finally, sperm competition can potentially reduce the direct benefits that a female might receive from a male for choosing her.
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