Abstract
Steels have plasticity-enhancing mechanisms which are not yet fully exploited in automotive applications. These mechanisms are not yet fully understood and their activation during straining requires a fundamental redesign of the way in which the composition, processing, and microstructure of automotive steel grades are selected. Most formable ferritic steels used in the automotive industry have uniform engineering elongations less than 25%, and relatively low ultimate tensile strengths (<<1GPa). The formability of these steels is based on the control of their crystallographic texture, rather than their stain hardening. As a consequence, higher strengths are usually achieved at the cost of plasticity. Fully austenitic steels and multi-phase steels which contain austenite can be designed to achieve an enhanced strain hardening rate, making it possible to achieve both strength and high formability. High Mn twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels and medium Mn steels belong to this category of ferrous alloys.
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