11 Computer-based competence tests in the national educational panel study: The challenge of mode effects

Abstract

Computerized competence tests promise a variety of advantages compared to paper–pencil delivered tests, for instance, increased test security, more information about test takers and the test-taking process, instant scoring, and immediate feedback. Moreover, new innovative item types can be administered to broaden the test content. Three benefits should be particularly emphasized for the assessment of cognitive competencies in the German National Educational Panel Study. First, reductions of test time can be obtained through the higher measurement efficiency of adaptive tests. Second, computerized testing is expected to enhance standardization and to increase test takers’ interest in completing the test. Third, Internet-based assessment offers the opportunity to deliver tests to spatially distanced test takers. However, before we can exploit these opportunities, we have to study the equivalence between different test administrations in order to maintain comparability of test scores and to ensure the validity of score interpretations. In this chapter, we shall describe a theoretical framework of mode effects and discuss various properties of test administrations. We shall relate the resulting equivalence criteria to the specific settings of the National Educational Panel Study in which (a) the usage of computerized competence tests is being prepared for upcoming assessments, and (b) tests for different grades and age groups are being designed to assess competence development over the life span.