Abstract

The infectious agents that have been identified as definitely or probably carcinogenic to humans (Groups 1 and 2A) in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph series are shown in Table 1. They include hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, human papillomaviruses (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

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