Abstract
Accurate discrimination between safety and danger is necessary for survival. Well-established safety signals may be used to modulate behaviors in the presence of danger signals, a phenomenon known as conditioned inhibition of fear. Understanding how cues become safety signals is relevant to understanding posttraumatic stress disorder in which both safety vs danger discrimination and conditioned inhibition of fear are impaired. Although much is known regarding the cognitive and neural processes underlying danger learning, very little is known about safety learning. We provide an overview of the behavioral paradigms that allow for neuromechanistic investigation of safety learning and review the existing literature that begins to identify the key nodes of the neural circuitry that allows for fear discrimination and conditioned inhibition.
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