Abstract

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, water resources are being severely polluted, especially due to the release of domestic and municipal wastewaters, laden with organics, nutrients, inorganic salts, metals, and harmful bacterial masses, etc. In this regard, bioremediation technologies and bioreactors have gained increasing attention due to their low cost, operational viability, and appreciable efficiencies. However, the selection of an appropriate bioreactor technology is limited by energy requirements and quantities of active (live) and inactive (dead) biomass. This chapter highlights the various types of biological treatment processes, along with their typically used performance parameters and commonly faced operational stresses. Further, an overview of field-scale applications of various types of bioreactors, that is, aerobic, anaerobic, advanced aerobic, and natural wastewater treatment systems, treating domestic or municipal wastewaters is also presented in this chapter. Typical treatment performance of these reactors is also presented in this chapter.

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