Abstract
Nanotechnology using inorganic metal nanoparticles plays an important role in altering the scenario of disease diagnosis and therapy in modern biomedical research. In recent decades, extensive research produces several nanomedicines among which functionalized inorganic nanomaterials, especially gold, silver and silica nanoparticles are of great attraction for various medicinal applications such as drug delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, bio-imaging etc. These functionalized inorganic nanomaterials possess unique physico-chemical properties, high stability and they are mostly biocompatible. Moreover, the large surface area of these nanomaterials facilitates their easier conjugation with therapeutic molecules, dyes and fluorescent probes making them excellent delivery vehicles and diagnostic agents. This book chapter provides the overview of recent advancement of functionalized inorganic nanomaterials (gold, silver and silica) for their versatile biomedical applications for different diseases. Considering clinical potential application, we discuss the pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution and clearance of these functionalized nanomaterials in detail. Furthermore, the status of gold, silver and silica nanoparticles in clinical studies is briefly illustrated. Finally, we conclude with challenges and future prospects of functionalized inorganic nanomaterials for their biomedical applications.
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