Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in affected tissues. Ocular involvement is frequent, occurring in up to 60% of patients with the disease. Although any part of the eye can be affected—including the lids, orbit, conjunctiva, cornea, and optic nerve—uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation and often presents as a chronic granulomatous anterior uveitis or panuveitis. The diagnosis can be supported by a variety of laboratory tests. Elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and lysozyme levels as well as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest imaging are suggestive of the diagnosis. Biopsy of affected tissues, including conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually begins with topical, local, or systemic steroids but frequently requires long-term use of immunomodulatory agents to control the disease. With appropriate treatment, the visual prognosis is good, but permanent visual loss can occur.
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