Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the novel approach of non- surgical therapy using photodynamic laser therapy for treatment of periodontal lesions. Material and Methods: This study included 60 patients with at least one periodontal pocket ≤4 mm in all four quadrants of the mouth, without systemic disease and without prior 6-month use of antibiotics. A split-mouth design was used to compare treatment options for four quadrants: Scaling and Root Planning (SRP), SRP + Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), SRP + Low-Level-Laser-Therapy (LLLT) and basic therapy. Baseline, 3 and 6 months’ post-treatment periodontal examinations included Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Gingival Recession (GR), Gingival Index (GI), and Bleeding-on-Probing (BOP). Microbiological sampling from the periodontal pockets for anaerobic periopathogens using commercially available kits took place simultaneously with periodontal examinations. An examiner blinded to the treatment procedure used sterile paper point #50 for sampling from each quadrant and cultivated the material from the paper in a Schaedler terrain. The culture was put in a hermetically sealed bag with anaerobic-generator sacculus, incubated for 48 h and read with commercially available anaerobic ID cards in the Vitek-2? machine. Results: The results showed a significant reduction of PPD, CAL, GI and BOP for the quadrants treated with SRP + PDT, while SRP + LLLT and SRP alone showed similar results. When comparing CAL between the working groups, the SRP + PDT group showed significantly higher CAL gain than the other two study groups after 3 and 6 months (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The analysis of variance between the groups regarding the periodontal parameters, except for the GR, showed better results for the SPR + PDT group, but without any difference in microbiological findings. Conclusion: Photo-dynamic therapy, as an adjunct to the non-surgical method, may enhance mechanical debridement.
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