Abstract
Sulfotransferases catalyze the formation of sulfuric acid esters, most often referred to as sulfates, from a wide range of xenobiotics and their metabolites, as well as various endogenous neurotransmitters, hormones, bile acids, carbohydrates, and proteins. This article is focused on the cytosolic sulfotransferases, a superfamily of enzymes that, depending on the specific substrates and products of the sulfation reaction, are responsible for either detoxication or metabolic activation of a wide range of drugs, toxins, carcinogens, environmental chemicals, and other xenobiotics. An overview of current aspects of the nomenclature, gene organization, regulation of expression, enzyme structures and catalytic mechanisms, specificities for substrates and inhibitors, and roles in toxicology is provided for these cytosolic sulfotransferases.
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