Abstract
In the search for novel agents against oral pathogens in their planktonic and biofilm form, we have focused our attention on 10-undecynoic acid as the representative of the acetylenic fatty acids. Using macro-broth susceptibility testing method we first established MIC value. Next, the MBC value was determined from a broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration test by sub-culturing it to BHI agar plates that did not contain the test agent. Anti-biofilm efficacy was tested in 96-well plates coated with saliva using BHI broth supplemented with 1% sucrose as a standard approach. Based on obtained results, MIC value for 10-undecynoic acid was established to be 2.5 mg/ml and the MBC value to be 5 mg/ml. The MBIC90 showed to be 2.5 mg/ml, however completed inhibition of biofilm formation was achieved at 5.0 mg/ml. MBBC concentration revealed to be the same as MBC value, causing approximately 30% reduction at the same time in biomass of pre-existing biofilm, whereas application of 7.0 mg/ml of 10-undecynoic acid crossed the 50% eradication mark. Strong anti-adherent effect was observed upon 10-undecynoic acid application at sub-MBC concentrations as well, complemented with suppression of acidogenicity and aciduricity. Thus, we concluded that 10-undecynoic acid might play an important role in the development of alternative or adjunctive antibacterial and anti-biofilm preventive and/or therapeutic approaches.
Highlights
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in humans provoked by the disbiose in oral biofilm due to frequent sugar intake [1,2,3,4]
In addition to growth inhibition of Streptococcus spp. planktonic cultures, 10-undecynoic acid (10-UDYA) inhibited the formation of their biofilms in BHI broth supplemented with 1% sucrose (MBIC90 2.5 mg/ml) in 96-well plates coated with human saliva, whereas complete inhibition was achieved at 5.0 mg/ml (Table 1)
For the first time we report about antibacterial properties of 10-undecynoic acid (10-UDYA) providing evidence about its bacteriostatic, bactericidal and anti-biofilm effects against mutans streptococci (MS). 10-UDYA is the terminal acetylenic analogue of lauric acid that and irreversibly inactivates hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in vitro but not in vivo, and which are responsible for ω-hydroxylation of lauric acid [48]
Summary
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in humans provoked by the disbiose in oral biofilm due to frequent sugar intake [1,2,3,4]. Despite scientific and clinical advances as well as public awareness focused on the importance of oral hygiene and dental health, dental caries still remains the main cause of tooth loss in children and is a common problem affecting young and older adults [1]. It is a global public health problem to be managed in modern times. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were found to be the most frequently isolated from human dental plaques and recognized as the principal bacteria of dental caries.
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