10 - The role of microorganism in bioremediation for sustainable environment management

Abstract

Bioremediation is a biological mechanism, used by microorganisms for the degradation of pollutants. At this time the whole ecosystem is contaminated by different pollutants. Microorganisms are the best alternative for overcome from this challenge. Microorganisms can survive in each and every extreme conditions on Earth, because of their metabolic activity. Bioremediation is highly involved in degradation, eradication, immobilization, or detoxification of diverse chemical wastes and physical hazardous materials from the environment through the all-inclusive and action of microorganisms. The main principle is degrading and transforming pollutants such as hydrocarbons, oil, heavy metal, pesticides, dyes, etc., which is carried out in an enzymatic way through metabolization and helps solve many environmental problems. There are two types of factors– are biotic and abiotic conditions which are the determine rate of degradation. Currently, different methods are applied in different parts of the world; some common ones include biostimulation, bioaugementation, bioventing, biopiles, and bioattenuation. All bioremidation techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages due their own specific application.