Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter describes production, purification, and assay of streptococcal erythrogenic toxin (ET). ET, also known as Dick toxin, scarlatinal or scarlet fever toxin and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin, is produced by many strains of group A streptococci but not by other streptococcal groups. The chapter deals only with type A toxin which is studied more extensively than the two other types. The toxin is a phage conversion product secreted by the bacteria. The structural gene is carried by the bacteriophage, and its nucleotide sequence. Three antigenically distinct types (A, B, C) are described in the chapter. These toxins elicit a wide range of biological effects, including the production of erythematous reactions in human, rabbit, and guinea pig skin, pyrogenicity, lethality, enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin shock, alteration of the blood-brain barrier (permitting entry of toxic products and bacteria), depression of reticuloendothelial clearance function, alteration of host antibody response to immunogens cardiotoxicity, and T-cell mitogenicity.
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